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Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary record from the Northwind Ridge: new insights into paleoclimatic evolution of the western Arctic Ocean for the last 5 Ma

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Abstract

Sediment core HLY0503-03JPC from the top of the Northwind Ridge provides the first confirmed Plio-Pleistocene record from the western Arctic Ocean, with calcareous microfossils uniquely preserved to ca. 5 Ma. Results are compared to nearby core P1-93AR-P23 from the ridge slope, which was previously used to reconstruct early Quaternary sea-ice conditions in the region (Polyak et al. in Quat Sci Rev 79:145–156, 2013), and is now re-dated to at least the late Pliocene. Ages were estimated primarily from strontium isotope stratigraphy on benthic foraminifers. Based on multiple physical, paleomagnetic, elemental geochemical, and paleobiological (foraminifers) proxies, we identify three major stratigraphic divisions (Units 1, 2a, and 2b) roughly representing upper to middle (“glacial”) Quaternary, lower Quaternary to Pliocene, and lower Pliocene to possibly upper Miocene (undated). Benthic foraminiferal assemblages were utilized to evaluate paleo-sea-ice conditions, while other proxies were used to interpret paleocirculation and sediment transport processes. Early Quaternary and older sediments indicate diminutive effect from glaciations, reduced sea-ice conditions, and a periodic strong current impact on the ridge top, possibly due to an enhanced Atlantic water flow. Ages derived from the first foraminiferal tests appearing at ca. 5 Ma likely indicate a redeposition pulse that we attribute to the onset of Pacific water throughflow via the Bering Strait. A large hiatus above this level in JPC3 spans most of the Pliocene. The Unit 2a/1 boundary, estimated to ca. 0.8 Ma, is marked by an abrupt faunal and sedimentary change, which is consistent with the major climatic shift that occurred during this time (Mid-Pleistocene Transition). Unit 1 exhibits a strong control from glacial cyclicity, with a progressive expansion of the Laurentide Ice Sheet primarily affecting the study region, and mostly perennial sea-ice conditions. Overall results suggest that the Pliocene and early Pleistocene may provide relevant paleoclimatic analogs for the rapidly changing Arctic environments of today.

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Research data for this article is available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.892926.

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Acknowledgements

We cordially thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments for improvement of this manuscript. This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation award ARC-1304755 to LP. We thank James Channell (University of Florida), Guillaume St. Onge (ISMER), Jacques Labrie (ISMER), and Brendan Reilly (Oregon State University) for help with paleomagnetic measurements, and A. Lingwall (University of Minnesota Duluth) for assistance with XRF measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Geoffrey R. Dipre & Leonid Polyak

  2. Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

    Anton B. Kuznetsov

  3. School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Geoffrey R. Dipre, Emma A. Oti & Ann E. Cook

  4. Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA

    Joseph D. Ortiz

  5. Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA

    Stefanie A. Brachfeld

  6. School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK

    Chuang Xuan

  7. Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA

    Kelly B. Lazar

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  1. Geoffrey R. Dipre
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  2. Leonid Polyak
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Correspondence to Geoffrey R. Dipre.

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Dipre, G.R., Polyak, L., Kuznetsov, A.B. et al. Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary record from the Northwind Ridge: new insights into paleoclimatic evolution of the western Arctic Ocean for the last 5 Ma. Arktos 4, 1–23 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41063-018-0054-y

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